Principles of computer engineering

 

 

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Computer Engineering is defined as the discipline that embodies the science and technology of design, construction, implementation, and maintenance of software and hardware components of modern computing systems and computer-controlled equipment.

 

Computer engineering has traditionally been viewed as a combination of both computer science (CS) and electrical engineering (EE). It has evolved over the past three decades as a separate, although intimately related, discipline.

 

Computer engineering is solidly grounded in the theories and principles of computing, mathematics, science, and engineering and it applies these theories and principles to solve technical problems through the design of computing hardware, software, networks, and processes.

 

CAE (computer-aided engineering) is a broad term used by the electronic design automation (EDA) industry for the use of computers to design, analyze, and manufacture products and processes. CAE includes CAD (computer-aided design) - the use of a computer for drafting and modeling designs, and CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) - the use of computers for managing manufacturing processes.

 

Computer engineers are concerned with analyzing and solving computer-oriented problems. CPEs understand both the hardware and the software of computers. This enables them to choose the solution that is best, not just the one they know. Sometimes the answer to making a program more efficient is a change in the computer itself.

 

Open source hardware, also called open hardware, is electronic or computer hardware built from design information that could be copyrighted or licensed but has instead been made available for public use at no charge. Such information can include documentation, schematic diagrams, construction details, parts lists and logic designs.

 

With the advent of the Internet and higher bandwidth data transmission, programs and data that are part of the same overall project can be distributed over a network and embody the Sun Microsystems slogan: “The network is the computer.”

 

 

 

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Systems design and analysis

 

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Systems analysis is effective when all sides of the problem are reviewed. Systems design is most effective when more than one solution can be proposed.

 

The plans for the care and feeding of a new system are as important as the problems they solve.

 

Systems analysis is a problem-solving method that involves looking at the wider system, breaking apart the parts, and figuring out how it works in order to achieve a particular goal.

 

For a very different example, a business is a system made up of methods, procedures, and routines.

 

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.

 

Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved, including the waterfall model (which was the original SDLC method); rapid application development (RAD); joint application development (JAD); the fountain model; the spiral model; build and fix; and synchronize-and-stabilize.

 

Synchronize-and-stabilize (sometimes just called sync-and-stabilize) is a systems development life cycle model in which teams work in parallel on individual application modules, frequently synchronizing their code with that of other teams, and debugging (stabilizing) code regularly throughout the development process.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Data structures

 

 

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Data structure refers to methods of organizing units of data within larger data sets.

 

Achieving and maintaining specific data structures help improve data access and value.

 

Looking at basic examples is an effective way to understand data structures.

 

For example, a very basic example of a data structure is an array, in which multiple data bits are coordinated into a group sharing a common label.

 

Another example of a data structure is a stack, which places data units in relative hierarchies, allowing code functions to work on the data in coordinated ways, such as pushing a new data unit into a stack, or popping a data unit from the top of a stack.

 

In a general sense, the data structure concept dovetails with that of virtual objects and virtual reality.

 

As data is more elaborately arranged by developers and others, the data becomes more functional, allowing the emergence of a virtual reality.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Electromagnetic theory

 

 

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An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction.

 

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a phenomenon where one electromagnetic field interferes with another, resulting in the distortion of both fields. This is commonly observed in radios when switching between frequencies and static is heard, as well as on over-the-air TV when the picture becomes distorted because the signal has been distorted.

 

Electromagnetic induction is the production of voltage or electromotive force due to a change in the magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday in the 1830s. Many electrical components and types of equipment work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

 

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of different electronic devices and components to work correctly even in the presence of other devices that emit electromagnetic waves. This means that each piece of equipment emitting EM waves or disturbances must have it limited to a certain level and that each individual device must have adequate immunity to EM disturbances in the environment it is meant to function in.

 

Electromagnetic shielding involves the use of a specialized material to block out certain types of electromagnetic fields or waves. Many types of consumer products feature electromagnetic shielding, either to keep certain kinds of electromagnetic waves inside a space or to keep them out of an internal area.

 

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a form of radiated or transported energy that does not require a medium in order to propagate, unlike mechanical waves such as sound and vibrations. Mechanical waves travel by transferring energy through molecular contact, causing molecules to bump into each other in order to transfer kinetic energy which can be observed visually in water ripples.

 

Electromagnetic waves are created by magnetic and electric fields coupling together to form waves, usually released by certain electromagnetic processes. The most common examples of electromagnetic radiation are visible light and X-rays. Electromagnetic radiation is also known as electromagnetic waves.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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